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Meltblown PLA Nonwoven Materials Push the Innovation Index Forward

Meltblown PLA Nonwoven Materials Push the Innovation Index Forward

The diverse world of nonwoven product manufacturing has become even more varied, with a new focus on using sustainable biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) to address specific market demands at an affordable price. Concurrently, processes such as spunbond manufacturing used by global leaders such as Fitesa, Ahlstrom and Fiberweb/PGI have enabled scalable commercialization of specific nonwoven materials for the global marketplace. Spunbond’s near cousin, meltblown manufacturing, is proving itself to be a viable process in the nonwoven ecosystem, delivering cost-effective solutions that address niche opportunities in roll goods, healthcare, industrial and consumer applications. This article shines a spotlight on the first two of those sectors, where meltblown PLA nonwoven materials can play an important role in furthering the industry and driving innovation.

Meltblown PLA offers value-added benefits
Global commercialization efforts by NatureWorks with its Ingeo resin platform have highlighted the advantages of PLA. This sustainable biopolymer comes from renewable sources; end-products can be manufactured from PLA to be degradable and biocompostable. It has a low bioburden compared with other materials such as recycled wood pulp. This low bioburden profile precludes any heat drying needed to destroy microbes, allowing a “cleaner” and less process-intensive manufacturing method than traditional alternatives such as wood pulp. Most importantly, particularly for healthcare applications, PLA has a very attractive biocompatibility profile and is resorbable and safe in terms of cytotoxicity versus synthetic fibers.


Photo courtesy of Biovation.
PLA is attractive on its own, but when used in the meltblown process it opens a niche for nonwoven materials. With fiber diameters that are lower than other processes, and an ability to combine with other materials such as laminated composites, it provides an accessible platform for innovation. Crystallization kinetics are different for PLA nonwovens when compared to petroleum-based polymers due to the processing parameters of higher pressure and extrusion temperatures within controlled process windows. However, the primary learning curve by industry leaders has been accomplished.

PLA, using a careful and controlled approach, can be thermally glazed – a process known as “calendering.” Calendering and even exposure to blasts of hot air can render the nonwoven filaments with a smooth film-like surface that still has porosity to fluids and moisture. If done correctly, it is possible to render the nonwoven PLA material so that it behaves as a surface film with specific tensile properties. Smooth glazed PLA fibrous surface looks like the commercial product Tyvek, but has very different mechanical properties. Porosity can be controlled by adjusting the heat used to calendar the material and by using an engraving roll that can place apertures on the film (together with PLA fiber diameters, density and loft). Glazing can be an overall surface treatment or a variable/zone application. The calendering process eliminates the need for a separate film and minimizes the need for additional lamination and processing efforts.

PLA’s characteristics can be further modified with co-polymers, masterbatch additives and/or plasticizers, lubricants and other processing aids. Advantages include smooth surface texture and a circular cross-section of fibers, providing a high surface area with moderate tensile strength for soft and robust characteristics. Additives offered by companies including Techmere and Polyvel offer a suite of possibilities for investigation and implementation. Other co-polymers can impart supplementary characteristics, such as polycaprolactone, a degradable polymer often used in medical implants, which improves flexibility to counteract the sometimes brittle nature of the PLA. Metabolix offers Mirel polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as performance additives, which can be extruded into fiber via the meltblown process and when integrated as co-polymer then render specific properties to the non-woven material. Metabolix reports that its proprietary platform enables the creation of specialty biopolymers used in a range of applications such as construction and packaging materials, as well as industrial, consumer and personal care products.

Antimicrobials Add Value
Another benefit of PLA is the ability to incorporate antimicrobial and antifungal agents into the actual fibers of the nonwoven. Agents can be added to the meltblown fiber at various stages of the manufacturing process to not only yield a cost-effective product but also one that has the requisite efficacy. The agents can be dipped, sprayed or deposition coated to intersperse the antimicrobial and antifungal agents between the fibers. Specifically selected antimicrobial agents can be non-leaching, multi-component for a specific efficacy profile or disbursed on-demand with controlled release to ensure performance over the entire lifecycle of the end product.

The list of antimicrobials is vast so nonwoven manufacturers have many options for adding value to their materials. For example, silver 

Photo courtesy of Biovation.
ion-based agents include compounds that contain silver as part of the structure that can be covalently bound, ionically bound or bound by other mechanisms known as “charge-transfer” complexes, including clathrate compounds that involve silver or silver species as part of the structure. Silver ion-based agents also include silver or silver-containing species that exist as a result of the process of sorption, either chemical or physical. To enable absorption or adsorption, the sorptive surface can be a molecule, polymer, organic or inorganic entity. These characteristics naturally lend it to healthcare applications such as advanced woundcare dressings. - See more at: http://www.nonwovens-industry.com/issues/2015-05-01/view_features/meltblown-pla-nonwoven-materials-push-the-innovation-index-forward/#sthash.ngg014qv.dpuf

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